The Short Stirling was a British four-engined heavy bomber of the Second World War. It has the distinction of being the first four-engined bomber to be introduced into service with the Royal Air Force (RAF).
The Stirling was designed during the late 1930s by Short Brothers to conform with the requirements laid out in Air Ministry Specification B.12/36. Prior to this, the RAF had been primarily interested in developing increasingly capable twin-engined bombers but had been persuaded to investigate a prospective four-engined bomber as a result of promising foreign developments in the field. Out of the submissions made to the specification Supermarine proposed the Type 317, which was viewed as the favourite, whereas Short's submission, named the S.29, was selected as an alternative. When the preferred Type 317 had to be abandoned, the S.29, which later received the name Stirling, proceeded to production. In early 1941 the Stirling entered squadron service. During its use as a bomber pilots praised the type for its ability to out-turn enemy night fighters and its favourable handling characteristics whereas the altitude ceiling was often a subject of criticism. The Stirling had a relatively brief operational career as a bomber before being relegated to second line duties from late 1943. This was due to the increasing availability of the more capable Handley Page Halifax and Avro Lancaster, which took over the strategic bombing of Germany. Decisions by the Air Ministry on certain performance requirements (most significantly to restrict the wingspan of the aircraft to 100 feet) had played a role in limiting the Stirling's performance; the 100ft limit also affected earlier models of the Halifax (MkI & MkII) though the Lancaster never adhered to it.
During its later service, the Stirling was used for mining German ports; new and converted aircraft also flew as glider tugs and supply aircraft during the Allied invasion of Europe during 1944"“1945. In the aftermath of the Second World War, the type was rapidly withdrawn from RAF service, having been replaced in the transport role by the Avro York, a derivative of the Lancaster that had previously displaced it from the bomber role. A handful of ex-military Stirlings were rebuilt for the civil market. Wikipedia
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214 Federated Malay States Squadron RAF (Ultor In Umbris) RAF Chedburgh. Stirling I aircraft BK 599 BU-R was coned by searchlights, struck by flak and attacked by night fighter pilot Oberfeldwebel Karl Fleischmann of the 6/NJG 3, crashing near Felde, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Only two of the crew of seven managed to bale before the crash
Davison, Phalempin, Dempsay, Cameron, and Murray had previously survived the ditching of #22 Operational Training Unit Wellington Ic aircraft X 9701 LT-D 1942-06-25 returning from an operation over Germany. They survived adrift in their dinghy for several days until picked by air-sea rescue until 1942-07-01
[Royal Air Force Serial and Image Database]...
No 214 (FMS) Squadron RAF - Crews and Losses - Short Stirling
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15 Squadron (Aim Sure) RAF Mildenhall. Short Stirling I aircraft BK 611 LS-U nicknamed "Te-Kooti" was struck by flak during the run-in to bomb targets in Dusseldorf, Germany and jettisoned their bomb-load. Control of the aircraft was regained and turned for home but the Stirling crash-landed west of the River Maas near Venlo, Holland with the loss of three aircrew members
FS JO Wilson (RAAF), Sergeant RW Pittard (RAFVR) and Sergeant P Arnott (RAFVR) were killed in action
Sergeant EF Seabolt (RCAF) baled after the flak hit, survived and was taken as Prisoner of War
Flight Lieutenant BE Cooper (RAF), Sergeant SJ Maxted (RAF) and Sergeant AW Edgley (RAF) survived and evaded for a time but all were eventually arrested and became Prisoners of War
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119 aircraft - 95 Stirlings, 17 Halifaxes, 7 Lancasters, of 3 and 8 Groups. This was a diversionary raid on a larger scale than ever before. The bombing was scattered but this was a subsidiary aim of the operation. 3 Stirlings lost, 2.5 percent of the force. Minor Operations: 10 Mosquitos to Castrop-Rauxel, 7 to Berlin, 1 to Duren, 17 Stirlings minelaying in the River Gironde and off La Pallice, 2 OTU sorties. No Losses. Total Effort for the night: 660 sorties, 30 aircraft (4.5 percent) lost
218 Gold Coast Squadron (In Time) RAF Downham Market. Stirling III aircraft BK 687 HA-R was shot down by night fighter pilot Leutnant Hans-Heinz Augenstein of the 9/NJG 1, flying a Bf 110G from Twente airfield, the Netherlands during an operation against targets in Bremen, Germany. The Stirling crashed at Ebersdorf, Germany with the loss of the entire crew, flying their fourteenth operation
The Bomber Command War Diaries and Operational Reference book, 1939-1945 by Martin Middlebrook and Chris Everitt, page 438
From St Vith to Victory, 218 (Gold Coast) Squadron and the Campaign Against Nazi Germany by Stephen C Smith, page 184
Royal Air Force Serial and Image Database
Allied Losses and Incidents: All Commands
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Short Stirling Bomber aircraft s/n BK 716 with a crew of seven was shot down over Holland. The plane crashed into Lake Markermeer north of Amsterdam and remained at the bottom of the lake until discovered in 2008. None of the crew survived, including two young Canadians, Flt Sergeant Francis McCaw R105188 and Harry Farrington
https://www.waybacktimes.com/military/the-recovery-of-the-short-stirling-bomber-bk716/
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75 New Zealand Squadron (Ake Ake Kia Kaha) RAF Mepal. Stirling III aircraft EE 938 AA-X lost during an operation against targets in Berlin, Germany. While over the target, the Stirling was coned by searchlights and attacked by night fighter pilots Hauptmann Friedrich Karl Muller of Stab/JG 300 and Major Helmut Lent of Stab/NJG 3. The bomber crashed near Mahlsdorf, ESE of Berlin with the loss of the entire crew
Sergeant Joseph Andrew Cletus Holmes (RCAF), Flight Sergeant Alexander Davidson (RCAF), Sergeant Andrew Bain (RAFVR), Warrant Officer Trevor Fear (RAFVR), Sergeant Brian Hartley Ruddy (RAFVR), Sergeant George Douglas Woolcott (RAFVR) and Sergeant Charles Munro (RAFVR) were all killed in action and buried in Germany with the exception of Sergeant Munro, who was missing presumed killed in action. Sergeant Munro has no known gave and is commemorated on the Runnymede Memorial
Nachtjager Luftwaffe Night Fighter Units 1939-1945 by David P Williams
Royal Air Force Serial and Image Database
EE938 - Der am 24 August 1943 uber Mahlsdorf abgeschossene Stirling -...
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214 (Federated Malay States) Squadron (Ulter in umbris) RAF Chedburgh. Stirling Mark III EF 401 BU-Y was shot down by night fighter pilot Leutnant Heinz Rolland of the 12/NJG 1 during an operation against targets in Berlin Germany. The Stirling crashed at 01:05, 4 km west of Brandenburg an der Havel, Brandenburg, Germany.
Flight Sergeant Raymond Colin Chislett (RAFVR), Sergeant Andrew Cowan (RAFVR), Sergeant Stanley Harold Hopkins (RAFVR) and Sergeant Alfred Arthur Poulton (RAFVR) were all killed in action
Warrant Officer Class 1 John Walter Dales (RCAF), Pilot Officer Norman Arthur Parsons (RAF) and Sergeant William Edward Humphreys (RAF) all survived and were captured to become Prisoners of War
Royal Air Force Serial and Image Database
No 214 (FMS) Squadron RAF - Crews and Losses - Short Stirling
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Additonal Crew:
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620 Squadron (Dona ferentes adsumus) RAF Fairford. Stirling IV aircraft LJ 830 went down near Arnhem, Holland while on a re-supply flight during Operation Market Garden. The Stirling crashed at Buunderkamp, Wolfheze, Gelderland, Netherlands, cause of loss unknown
Flying Officer JR Thomas (RCAF) and passenger SL Churchyard (RASC) were killed in action
There may have been a second unidentified RASC (Royal Army Service Corps) also killed in action on Wellington LJ 830
Flight Lieutenant H Bate (RCAF) and Flying Officer HM MacLeod (RCAF) both survived to be taken as Prisoners of War
Flying Officer R Newton (RCAF), Warrant Officer CC King (RAFVR) and Sergeant T Haig (RAFVR) survived, avoiding capture as Evaders
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Stirling aircraft LJ 988 did not return from a re-supply operation over Holland.Warrant Officer E.W. Bancroft was also killed. Four RAF members of the crew, FS.s T.B. Cragg, C. Mabbott, A.J. Murphy, P/O. D.G. Benning and Driver (Dispatcher) AG. Neale were also killed. Driver (Dispatcher) A. Nye was captured POW
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Took off from Harwell on a re-supply operation to Arnhem, Holland.
Aircraft was hit by flak and crashed in flames at Heteren, near Nijmegen, Holland.Killed includes Flight Sergeant Cormier RCAF: Flight Sergeant Erle Mayne Milks RCAF; Flight Sergeant Harold James Stell RCAF; Flight Sergeant John McGarrie RAF; Driver Cyril William Lightwood RASC
Flying Officer Clifford Beck RCAF was seriusly injured in the crash.
The Wireless Operator, Sergeant Sydney Wheatley (1565788) RAF and Air Dispatcher Driver (T/2887003 RASC) survived the crash.
Anti-aircraft guns brought down a total of four 570 squadron aircraft this day.
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#7 Squadron RAF (Per diem, per noctum) RAF Oakington. Stirling I aircraft N 6073 MG-Y was shot down by night fighter pilot Oberfeldwebel Wilhelm Engel of the 8/NJG 4, who was flying a Messerschmitt Bf 110. The Stirling crashed in the Rheinland-Pfalz area of Germany
Pilot Sergeant F Tomkins (RAFVR) was killed in action
FS JH Watson (RCAF), Sergeant RG Brook (RAFVR), Sergeant J Fisher (RAFVR), Sergeant FG Fueggle (RAFVR), Sergeant BVG Lewis (RAFVR) and Sergeant E Townsend (RAFVR) all survived to become Prisoners of War
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#15 Squadron RAF (Aim Sure) RAF Bourne. Stirling I aircraft was repeatedly hit by flak before being intercepted by the night fighter crew of Leutnant Werner Rapp & Unteroffizier Hans Ortmann of the 7/NJG 1, who were flying Bf 110 F-4 G9+GR during a raid on the airfield at Diepholz, Germany. The Stirling crashed into woods East of Gortel near Epe, Netherlands
Pilot Officer EH Kieswetter (RCAF), Pilot Officer RN Holmes (RCAF), Pilot Officer HE Hill (RCAF), Pilot Officer ES Millen (RCAF)(USA), Sergeant GCG Hutton (RAF) and Sergeant RH McKillop (RNZAF) were all killed in action
Sergeant JF Perring (RAF) survived and was taken as Prisoner of War
The Last Flight of T for Tommy by Harry BouwmanKnown Squadron Assignments: 7
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339 aircraft - 194 Lancasters, 134 Halifaxes, II Stirlings. 21 aircraft - 13 Lancasters, 7 Halifaxes, 1 Stirling - lost, 6·2 per cent of the force.
This raid, on a target more than 600 miles from England, proved to be the most successful attack beyond the range of Oboe during the Battle of the Ruhr. Visibility was good and the Pathfinder marking was carried out perfectly. 24 fires were still burning when a photographic reconnaissance aircraft flew over Stettin a day and a half later. Approximately 100 acres in the centre of the town were claimed as devas¬tated; much of this area comprised industrial buildings. German reports show that 13 industrial premises and 380 houses were completely destroyed. A large chemical factory was among the places where production was completely halted. 586 people were killed in Stettin.
source: The Bomber Command War Diaries, Martin Middlebrook and Chris Everitt
It all had begun on the evening of April 20, 1943. A major bombing operation was launched from bases in England against numerous German targets. Among the planes taking part in the raid was a Stirling bomber, M for "Mother", of the 7th Squadron Pathfinders. The plane had a mixed crew of men from the British Commonwealth: "¢ Flt. Lt. Charles Woodbine Parish Pilot R.A.F "¢ Pilot Officer E. R. (Bob) Vance Navigator R.C.A.F "¢ Flt. Sgt. J.S. (Jimmy) Marshall Bomb Aimer R.C.A.F. "¢ Flt. Sgt. Louis Krulicki Wireless Operator R.C.A.F. "¢ Sgt. Charles Farley Mid Upper Gunner R.A.F "¢ Sgt. Jack Lees Rear Gunner R.A.F "¢ Sgt. Donald V. Smith Flight Engineer R.C.A.F
Their destination that night was Stettin, and their mission was to locate the target area and mark it with incendiaries as a guide for the rest of their planes. They had an extra crew member that night, Squadron Leader Blake, a Canadian pilot who was new to the squadron and who was to accompany them on an orientation flight.
Their aircraft was damaged by flak on approach to the target and, unable to mark it reliably, they aborted and left the job to a backup plane. Heading back to England, they flew over the Baltic and the relative safety of the water. As they approached Korsor, they had to veer across land to avoid a flak ship in the Belt, but soon found themselves under attack by an ME 110 night fighter. After a burst of cannon fire set their plane afire, the order was given to bail out. Don Smith was the only one who managed to escape from the plane before it crashed into a farmer's field near Kongsmerk Denmark
source: Dave Smith,son of Donald V Smith
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