Birkland, Henry

Prisoner of War Executed 1944-03-25

Birth Date: 1917-August-16

Born: Caldwell, Manitoba

Son of Kristian Martin and Berthilde (nee Johnson) Birkland, of Calgary, Alberta. Brother of Hans, Elmer, Kristian, Lawrence, Martha and Anne.

Home: Calgary, Alberta

Enlistment: Vancouver, British Columbia

Enlistment Date: 1940-07-15

Decorations: MiD

Mentioned in Dispatches

Service

RCAF

Unit

72 Sqn- Squadron (RAF)
Swift

Base

RAF Lago, Italy

Rank

Flight Lieutenant

Position

Flight Lieutenant

Service Numbers

J/5233

Home
Google MapCalgary, Alberta
First Burial
Google MapOld Garrison Cemetery At Poznan, Poland

Trained at 1 ITS (graduated 15 November 1940), 11 EFTS (graduated 5 January 1941) and 9 SFTS (graduated 26 April 1941). Missing, POW, 7 November 1941 (Spitfire W3367). Died as a POW, 25 March 1944 (shot following the Great Escape)

72 Squadron (Swift). Spitfire aircraft W 3367 was shot down on November 7, 1941 over enemy territory. Flight Lieutenant Birkland was taken Prisoner of War and was one of six Canadians who were shot by the Gestapo while they were trying to escape.

Addendum: - Mention in Despatches 72 Squadron (deceased) - Award effective 8 June 1944 as per London Gazette of that date and AFRO 1729/44 dated 11 August 1944. No citation in AFRO Detail provided by H. Halliday, Orleans, Ontario

Canadian Virtual War Memorial

www.findagrave.com

Library and Archives Canada Service Files (may not exist)

Stories and Videos

The Great Escape: Canadian Airmen Role

The Movie by the same name implies that The Great Escape was an American operation. It was not.It was primarily a British Commonwealth Operation and Canadian airmen had a very prominent role. In fact six Canadian airmen who were captured after escape were executed by German forces.

YouTube The True Story Of The Great Escape

Further Reading:

  1. THE GREAT ESCAPE: A CANADIAN STORY by Ted Barris
  2. THE GREAT ESCAPE by Paul Brickhill

The Escape

Seventy-six Allied Officers escape from Prisoner of War Camp Stalag Luft 3. 50 were subsequently murdered in retaliation for their escape attempt on the order of Adolph Hitler. 15 were recaptured, and 11 escaped.

6 - RCAF

  1. Flight Lieutenant GE McGill
  2. Flight Lieutenant H Birkland MiD
  3. Flight Lieutenant GA Kidder
  4. Flight Lieutenant PW Langford MiD
  5. Flight Lieutenant JC Wernham MiD
  6. Flight Lieutenant GW Wiley

4 - RAAF

  1. Squadron Leader J Catanach
  2. Flight Lieutenant AH Hake
  3. Flying Officer RV Kierath
  4. Squadron Leader JEA Williams

2 - RNZAF

  1. Flying Officer A Christensen
  2. Flying Officer PPJ Pohe

2 - SAAF

  1. Flight Lieutenant N McGarr
  2. Lt RJ Stevens

2 - Norway (RAF)

  1. Flying Officer H Espelid
  2. Flying Officer J Fugelsang

1 - France (RAF)

  1. Lt BW Scheidhower

1 - Greece (RAF)

  1. Flying Officer S Skanziklas

32 - RAF

  1. Flight Lieutenant E Brettell DFC
  2. Flight Lieutenant LG Butt DFC
  3. Squadron Leader RJ Bushell
  4. Flight Lieutenant MJ Casey
  5. Flying Officer D.H. Cochram
  6. Squadron Leader IK Cross DFC
  7. Flight Lieutenant BH Evans
  8. Lt Gouws
  9. F/Ls WJ Grisman
  10. Flight Lieutenant AD Gunn
  11. Flight Lieutenant CB Hall
  12. Flight Lieutenant AH Hayter
  13. Flight Lieutenant ES Humphreys
  14. Flight Lieutenant A Kiewnarski
  15. Squadron Leader TG Kirby-Green
  16. Flying Officer W Kolanowski
  17. Flight Lieutenant TB Leigh
  18. Flight Lieutenant R Marcinkcus
  19. Flight Lieutenant HT Milford
  20. Flying Officer J Mondschein
  21. Flying Officer K Pawluk
  22. Flight Lieutenant HA Picard
  23. Flight Lieutenant CD Swain
  24. Flying Officer RC Stewart
  25. Flying Officer JG Stower
  26. Flying Officer DD Street
  27. Flight Lieutenant E Valenta
  28. Flight Lieutenant GW Walenn
  29. Flight Lieutenant JF Williams
  30. Flight Lieutenant JLR Long
  31. Flying Officer S Krol
  32. Flying Officer P Tobolski

Findagrave.com

Spitfire W3367

Flight Lieutenant Birkland, Henry (RCAF)
Pilot
Prisoner of War Executed
1944-March-25
Cmentarz Wojenny Wspolnoty Brytyjskiej w Poznaniu, aleja Armii Poznan, Poznan, Poland

Supermarine Spitfire

Source: Harold A Skaarup Web Page (DND Photo)
Supermarine Spitfire Mk. VI, RCAF (Serial No. X4492), in flight, 26 Feb 1944.

The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was used by the Royal Air Force and other Allied countries before, during, and after World War II. Many variants of the Spitfire were built, using several wing configurations, and it was produced in greater numbers than any other British aircraft. It was also the only British fighter produced continuously throughout the war. The Spitfire continues to be popular among enthusiasts; around 70 remain airworthy, and many more are static exhibits in aviation museums throughout the world.

The Spitfire was designed as a short-range, high-performance interceptor aircraft by R. J. Mitchell, chief designer at Supermarine Aviation Works, which operated as a subsidiary of Vickers-Armstrong from 1928. Mitchell pushed the Spitfire's distinctive elliptical wing with cutting-edge sunken rivets (designed by Beverley Shenstone) to have the thinnest possible cross-section, helping give the aircraft a higher top speed than several contemporary fighters, including the Hawker Hurricane.

The Spitfire had detachable wing tips which were secured by two mounting points at the end of each main wing assembly. When the Spitfire took on a role as a high-altitude fighter (Marks VI and VII and some early Mk VIIIs), the standard wing tips were replaced by extended, "pointed" tips which increased the wingspan from 36 ft 10 in (11.23 m) to 40 ft 2 in (12.24 m). The other wing-tip variation, used by several Spitfire variants, was the "clipped" wing; the standard wing tips were replaced by wooden fairings which reduced the span by 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m). The wing tips used spruce formers for most of the internal structure with a light alloy skin attached using brass screws.

Due to a shortage of Brownings, which had been selected as the new standard rifle calibre machine gun for the RAF in 1934, early Spitfires were fitted with only four guns, with the other four fitted later. Early tests showed that, while the guns worked perfectly on the ground and at low altitudes, they tended to freeze at high altitude, especially the outer wing guns, because the RAF's Brownings had been modified to fire from an open bolt. While this prevented overheating of the cordite used in British ammunition, it allowed cold air to flow through the barrel unhindered. Supermarine did not fix the problem until October 1938, when they added hot air ducts from the rear of the wing-mounted radiators to the guns, and bulkheads around the gunbays to trap the hot air in the wing. Red fabric patches were doped over the gun ports to protect the guns from cold, dirt, and moisture until they were fired.

The first Rolls-Royce Griffon-engined Mk XII flew in August 1942, and first flew operationally with 41 Squadron in April 1943. This mark could nudge 400 mph (640 km/h) in level flight and climb to an altitude of 33,000 ft (10,000 m) in under nine minutes. As American fighters took over the long-range escorting of USAAF daylight bombing raids, the Griffon-engined Spitfires progressively took up the tactical air superiority role, and played a major role in intercepting V-1 flying bombs, while the Merlin-engined variants (mainly the Mk IX and the Packard-engined Mk XVI) were adapted to the fighter-bomber role. Although the later Griffon-engined marks lost some of the favourable handling characteristics of their Merlin-powered predecessors, they could still outmanoeuvre their main German foes and other, later American and British-designed fighters.Wikipedia

Wikipedia Wikipedia Supermarine Spitfire

unvetted Source Harold A Skaarup Web Page

YouTube YouTube How the Spitfire Became an Aviation Masterpiece

Kestrel Publications RCAF Supermarine Spitfire Serials - Kestrel Publications

72 Sqn Swift ()

Malta